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在Oracle中实现各种日期处理完全版
  • 12/31
  • 2008
开发技术 | Oracle 1508 次查看
  TO_DATE格式

  Day:

  dd

  number

  12

  dy

  abbreviated

  fri

  day

  spelled out

  friday

  ddspth

  spelled out,

  ordinal

  twelfth

  Month:

  mm

  number

  03

  mon

  abbreviated

  mar

  month

  spelled out

  march

  Year:

  yy

  two

  digits

  98

  yyyy

  four

  digits

  1998

  24小时格式下时间范围为: 0:00:00 - 23:59:59....

  12小时格式下时间范围为: 1:00:00 - 12:59:59 ....

  1.

  日期和字符转换函数用法(to_date,to_char)

  2.

  select to_char( to_date(222,'J'),'Jsp')

  from dual

  显示Two Hundred Twenty-Two

  3.

  求某天是星期几

  select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day') from dual;

  星期一

  select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American') from dual;

  monday

  设置日期语言

  ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE='AMERICAN';

  也可以这样

  TO_DATE ('2002-08-26', 'YYYY-mm-dd', 'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American')

  4.

  两个日期间的天数

  select floor(sysdate - to_date('20020405','yyyymmdd')) from dual;

  5.

  时间为null的用法

  select id, active_date from table1

  UNION

  select 1, TO_DATE(null) from dual;

  注意要用TO_DATE(null)

  6.

  a_date between to_date('20011201','yyyymmdd') and to_date('20011231','yyyymmdd')

  那么12月31号中午12点之后和12月1号的12点之前是不包含在这个范围之内的。

  所以,当时间需要精确的时候,觉得to_char还是必要的

  7.

  日期格式冲突问题

  输入的格式要看你安装的ORACLE字符集的类型, 比如: US7ASCII, date格式的类型就是: '01-Jan-01'

  alter system set NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American

  alter session set NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American

  或者在to_date中写

  select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American') from dual;

  注意我这只是举了NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE,当然还有很多,

  可查看

  select * from nls_session_parameters

  select * from V$NLS_PARAMETERS

  日期和字符转换函数用法(to_date,to_char)

  We overwrite NLS_DATE_FORMAT into different formats for the session.

  SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'DD-MON-RR'; Session altered.

  SQL> set pagesize 0

  SQL> set linesize 130

  SQL> select * from nls_session_parameters;

  NLS_LANGUAGE

  AMERICAN

  NLS_TERRITORY

  AMERICA

  NLS_CURRENCY

  $

  NLS_ISO_CURRENCY

  AMERICA

  NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS

  .,

  NLS_CALENDAR

  GREGORIAN

  NLS_DATE_FORMAT

  DD-MON-RR

  NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE

  AMERICAN

  NLS_SORT

  BINARY

  NLS_TIME_FORMAT

  HH.MI.SSXFF AM

  NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT

  DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM

  NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT

  HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZH:TZM

  NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT

  DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZH:TZM

  NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY

  $

  NLS_COMP

  BINARY

  15 rows selected.

  specify it in SQL statement:

  SQL> select to_date('03-SEP-1999','DD-MON-YYYY') from dual;

  03-SEP-99

  SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'MM-DD-YYYY';

  Session altered.

  SQL> select to_date('03-SEP-99','DD-MON-YY') from dual;

  TO_DATE('0

  ----------

  09-03-1999

  SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'RRRR-MM-DD';

  Session altered.

  SQL> select to_date('03-SEP-1999','DD-MON-YYYY') from dual;

  TO_DATE('0

  ----------

  1999-09-03

  When we use TO_CHAR function, we get expected results of format from

  current SQL statement:

  SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'MM-DD-YY';

  Session altered.

  SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy') from dual;

  TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD-MM-YYYY')

  07-09-1999

  SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'RR-MON-DD';

  Session altered.

  SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mon-yy') from dual;

  TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD-MON-YY')

  07-sep-99

  SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-Mon-yy') from dual;

  TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD-MON-YY')

  07-Sep-99

  8.

  select count(*)

  from ( select rownum-1 rnum

  from all_objects

  where rownum <= to_date('2002-02-28','yyyy-mm-dd') - to_date('2002-

  02-01','yyyy-mm-dd')+1

  )

  where to_char( to_date('2002-02-01','yyyy-mm-dd')+rnum-1, 'D' )

  not

  in ( '1', '7' )

  查找2002-02-28至2002-02-01间除星期一和七的天数

  在前后分别调用DBMS_UTILITY.GET_TIME, 让后将结果相减(得到的是1/100秒, 而不是毫秒).

  9.

  select months_between(to_date('01-31-1999','MM-DD-YYYY'),

  to_date('12-31-1998','MM-DD-YYYY')) "MONTHS" FROM DUAL;

  1

  select months_between(to_date('02-01-1999','MM-DD-YYYY'),

  to_date('12-31-1998','MM-DD-YYYY')) "MONTHS" FROM DUAL;

  1.03225806451613

  10.

  Next_day的用法

  Next_day(date, day)

  Monday-Sunday, for format code DAY

  Mon-Sun, for format code DY

  1-7, for format code D

  11

  select to_char(sysdate,'hh:mi:ss') TIME from all_objects

  注意:第一条记录的TIME 与最后一行是一样的

  可以建立一个函数来处理这个问题

  create or replace function sys_date return date is

  begin

  return sysdate;

  end;

  select to_char(sys_date,'hh:mi:ss') from all_objects;

  12.

  获得小时数

  SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR FROM TIMESTAMP '2001-02-16 2:38:40') from offer

  SQL>

  select sysdate ,to_char(sysdate,'hh')

  from dual;

  SYSDATE

  TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH')

  -------------------- ---------------------

  2003-10-13 19:35:21

  07

  SQL>

  select sysdate ,to_char(sysdate,'hh24')

  from dual;

  SYSDATE

  TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH24')

  -------------------- -----------------------

  2003-10-13 19:35:21

  19

  获取年月日与此类似

  13.

  年月日的处理

  select older_date,

  newer_date,

  years,

  months,

  abs(

  trunc(

  newer_date-

  add_months( older_date,years*12+months )

  )

  ) days

  from ( select

  trunc(months_between( newer_date, older_date )/12) YEARS,

  mod(tr

  
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